Bookbinding.



PATENTED .TUNE 30, 1908.

C. GHIVERS.

BOOKBINDING. APPLICATION FILED JULYla, 1905.

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CEDRIC CI-IIVERS, OF BATH, ENGLAND.

BOOKBINDING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Tune 30, 1908.

Application filed. July 18, 1905. Serial No. 270,276.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CEDRIC Cnrvnns, a subject of His Majesty the King of Great Britain, residing at Bath, in the county of Somerset, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boekbinding; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in book binding.

Vhile the publishers binding of books is generally sufficient for the ordinary purchasing public, still the binding is not sufficiently strong for extended use, as in libraries, and especially public or circulating libraries.

The object of this invention is, therefore, to produce a reinforced .binding which will answer all desired purposes.

Vhile the invention is not restricted to the exact details shown and described, still for the purpose of disclosure reference is had to the accompanying drawings illustrating a practical embodiment of the same, in which like letters designate the same elements in the several views, and in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an open book, with the invention applied, the upper portion of the front stiffening board of the cover having its lining paper removed and turned loosely over on its adjacent end paper. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the inside of the cover, with the lining and end papers removed. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2, showing, however, an additional strengthening member 7b, omitted in Fig. 2 for clearness of illustration. Fig. 4L is a fragmentary sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view, the section being taken substantially on the line indicated at 5 5, in Fig. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of several signatures of a book showing the method of securing the lining papers and the end papers thereto. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view, showing the association of the cover with the several parts of the binding means just before the signatures are secured in position therein, and Fig. S is a fragmentary transverse sectional view substantially the same as Fig. 5, but showing a slightly modified construction.

It will be understood that Figs. 3 to 7 are exaggerated views necessary for the purpose of clearness of illustration.

l designates the front stiffening board, and 2 the rear stiffening board of an ordinary cover.

3 represents the front face, and 30L the rear face of the finishing or lining paper.

4 designates the exterior covering, preferably of flexible material, such as cloth, and la is the hinge portion for receiving the rear edges of the signatures, 4b designating the ends of said exterior covering which are turned over and pasted to the inside face of the stiffening boards before the lining paper is applied.

5 is the heavy protecting or 'finishing leaf, generally designated as the Hend paper, and which is ordinarily interposed between the cover proper and the book signatures.

In the preferred construction, this end paper is a two-ply sheet, 5 designating one ply, and 5l the other.

6 are strips extending parallel to the hinge of the cover, which strips are hereinafter referred to as foldable strips. These strips are adapted to be folded over, and have their longitudinal portions 6 and 6b, respectively, secured to the lining papers and the end papers. This is preferably accomplished by having the portion 6 pasted or otherwise secured, as by the stitching 12, to the rear or under faces 3ZL of the lining papers, the por tions 6b being pasted or otherwise secured between the plies of the end papers.

7 are transverse strips for the top and bottom of the hinge portion of the coveryand will be hereinafter referred to as "end strips. These end strips, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3, are secured to the inner face of the sti'l'l'ening boards, and their outside edges are turned inwardly upon themselves, as at 7 u, forming a hemmed edge, which is secured beneath the inturned edge 4l of the outer covering. In F ig. 3, there is indicated at 7b a strip of heavy but Aflexible material for protecting the inside face of the hinge portion of the cover. This strip 7b is greatly exaggerated in thickness in this figure, and may extend the full length of the book, or it may be entirely dispensed with, if desired.

There are also provided strips S, disposed lengthwise of the cover on each side of the hinge portion thereof, which strips, being located between the end strips 7, will be designated as center strips to distinguish them from the similarly-disposed strips 6,

previously referred to as lfoldable strips. These center strips are inserted at one of their edges between the lining paper and stiffening board, the face 8a being pasted to the face 3 of the lining paper, and the other face being pasted to the inside face of the stiffening board l. The other longitudinal edge of the center strip, as indicated at 8b, is pasted between the covering 4 and stiffening board l. This is more clearly shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 7, in Figs. 4, S, 8f and S designating parts corresponding to 8, S and Sb, respectively.

9 represents the signatures of the book, and l() is a reinforcement of leather, or other durable 'flexible material, glued along the rear edges of the signatures.

11 designates stitching passing through one or more of the signatures, the end papers, the portions 6b, 6L of the foldable strips, andback again through the signature or signatures, passing over the rear edges thereof, as shown clearly in Figs. 5 to 8, preferablyT after the fashion of overcasting or whip-stitching, so that the stitching on the outside of the signatures will be disposed at an acute angle or diagonally with relation to the rear edges of the signatures secured thereby, and this is of greatadvantage in that it holds the cotton or linen finished end papers more securely with less liability ofthe stitching tearing through the papers.

In operation, the signatures are properly prepared and sewed together, as usual, and the portions 6 and 6b of the foldable strip 6 are respectively secured to the lining papers and between the plies of the end papers, as heretofore described. The end papers and the foldable strips are then securely stitched to one or more of the signatures adjacent thereto by the' diagonal or whip-stitching 11, and this stitching passing through one or more of the signatures, beth in the front and bacli of the book, holds the first and last leaves of the book securely to the end papers and cover, independently of any pasting or gluing on of the end papers or the hinge portion of the cover. The position of these parts as now prepared is shown in Fig. 6. Where the leather reinforcement l0 is used, it may at this point be applied to the rear edges of the signatures. Vhere this is done, a well pared piece of suitably prepared leather is applied to the clean folded or rear edges of the signatures, this reinforcement being securely fastened thereto by a thin coating of glue or cement. The signatures having thus been secured together, and having the end papers secured thereon with the lining papers free, the end strips 7 may then be securedin position upon the strengthening boards, as heretofore described, and it is obvious that these end strips greatly strengthen the cover at the ends ofthe hinge portion where weakness first develops. The

center strips are also secured between the strengthening boards and the outer covering, with the faces Sa and 8C disposed in the position shown in Fig. 2. The signatures of the book, through their reinforcement 10, are now secured to the hinge portion 4a of the covering by a suitable cement, but if. the binding is to be an open one the hinge portion tu and. reinforcement 10 are not glued together. If they are so glued, however, when the prepared signatures and cover are dry, the portions 8 and S" of the center strips are pasted to the faces 3a of the lining papers, and. if desired, the same may also be stitched thereto. The faces 3a of the lining papers with the portions 6u ofthe foldable strips and the portions S of the center strips lying thereon are new pasted down on the still'ening boards, completing the binding and Yfinishing oli' of the book.

Nhile the foregoing operation refers to originally binding a book, it will be understood that in rebinding, l first take the cover off and sew the bool; again, or reinforce the sewing if it is needed, and also clean oil all the old and thick glue and paper, forming the binding material between the cover and the rear or folded edges of the signatures.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 8, 13 designates an additional reinforcing member extending lengthwise of the book, having one edge portion 13 disposed between the foldable strips 6"L and the sti'flening boards, and secured to the outer cover by stitching 14 passing through the flexible or hinge portion thereof, the other edge portionv 13b being secured to the signatures of the book in any suitable way, but preferably as shown, wherein the end 13b is interposed between the inside ply ofthe end paper and the portion 6b of the foldable strips.

It will be obvious that the reinforcement 13 may be used either with or without the foldable strips 6, and it is also obvious that whether the strips 6 are used or not, the inside of the stitching 1.4 is protected from unraveling by the edge portion 6a, or the lining paper 3, as the case may be, being pasted thereover.

The various strips herein referred to, eX- cepting the leather reinforcement 10, may be of any suitable material, such as jaconet, cotton, linen, orsimilar material.

l/Vhat l claim is 1. A book having its signatures initially secured together, and additional means securing its end papers to said signatures, comprising stitching directly securing said end papers and signatures, substantially as described.

2. A bool; having its signatures initially secured together, and additional means securing its end papers to said signatures, comprising stitching directly securing said end papers and signatures, and disposed at ico an acute angle to said signatures, substantially as described. l

3. A book having its signatures initially secured together, and additional means sef: curing its end papers to said signatures, comf end papers and cover to the signatures, comprising stitching directly securing said foldable strips to one or more of the signatures independently of the initial securing means for said signatures, substantially as described.

5. A book having its signatures initially stitched together, of foldable strips each secured along one of its edges to the cover and secured. along the opposite edge to an end paper, and means for positively securing the f end papers and cover to the signatures, in-

dependently of the initial stitching securing said signatures together, and comprising the stitching 11 whi ping said foldable strips to one or more o'f tie signatures, substantially as described.

6. A book comprising signatures and a cover consisting of stifl'ening boards having lining papers and a covering, means securing said cover to said signatures, means positively securing said lining pa ers to said signatures, and center strips eac i having one of its edges secured between said covering and a stiffening board and its other edge secured between the stii'fening board and a lining paper, substantially as described.

7. A book comprising signatures, end papers, lining papers, stiifening boards, a covering therefor, loldable strips connecting the cover of said book and said end papers, stitching passing through said foldable strips and one or more of said signatures, means securing the signatures to the hinge portion of the cover, end strips extending transversely of said hinge portion, and center strips each having one of its edges secured between the covering and a stilfening board and its other edge secured between the stiffening board and a lining paper, substantially as described.

8. A book comprising signatures and a cover, means securing said signatures to the cover, a reinforcement independently connecting the cover and signatures, and stitching positively securing said reinforcement to the cover, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

CEDRIC OHI'VERS.

/Vitnesses:

F. J. RowN, WILLIAM DONNELLY 

